[Summary] 'Network' to see depth, from the background to the future

Twitch has declared a 720p HD quality restriction in the online video service market, which is pursuing high resolution. It was predicted that Netflix and SK Broadband's network royalty disputes would affect the industry, but the decision of Twitch has also increased the interest and dissatisfaction of users in the paintings that seem to be the aftermath of the aftermath.

However, various arguments come and go, there is a difference in positions, and various problems are intertwined. In addition, with the mysterious expression of 'network fee', the conflict between network operators and content companies has been steadily deepening. In the voices of changes in the basic principles of network neutrality, the company's free competition, high-definition video and large-capacity games are made online instead of disks, and the scale is so large that it is not possible to see a series of events.

So I prepared. It's not just a matter of network, but it's not the logic of the telecommunications vs. content provider, but it's a rapidly changing Internet market and major issues.

background

a. All traffic without discrimination, network neutrality

The basic principles and regulations in the network space are based on the neutrality . It is safe to say that the conflicts that take place today will be in the direction of this network neutrality principle, or whether to change the times to change the times.

So you need to understand this network neutrality first so that the controversy over the royalty fee is more recent and why it is not solved neatly.

Network neutrality was argued based on the principle that the traffic transmitted through the internet should be handled equally regardless of the type or the providing business. In 2003, Professor Woo of Columbia University is famous for being popularized through the paper 'Network Neutrality, Broadband Discrimination'.

At first, it was not a policy or a regulation, but it was considered too natural in the early 2000s when the Internet spread rapidly. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC), which has jurisdiction over the US Electronics and Telecommunications Act, also insisted on maintaining network neutrality in the 2005 policy statement.

However, with the increase in traffic in the Internet space, network neutrality issues are emerging. In 2007, when the P2P service, a bit torrent, occurred in large-capacity traffic, the US telecommunications provider (ISP will be 'ISP' in the future) is a case of filtering the service.

Apart from the legal of the service, the FCC ordered to stop the service and stop delayed by the principle of network neutrality, which leads to a lawsuit. At this time, the court raised the hand of Comcast. I saw that the FCC issued a corrective order without the regulatory grounds of network neutrality.

As the network neutrality was in danger of shaking, the FCC announced the 'Open Internet Policy' in 2010 and talked about the following three principles.

-transparency: ISP shall accurately disclose service management and performance to consumers. -Do blocking: Legal content, program, service, and not harmful devices should not be blocked. -No UNREASONABLE DISCRIMINATION: You should not discriminate unfairly in transmitting legitimate network traffic.

For ISP, which wants to pay a lot of money and recover the cost, this network neutral principle was inconvenient. In 2014, another US ISP Verizon also filed a cow that the FCC had no regulatory authority.

Here the court pointed out whether the FCC has a regulatory authority in ISP, not a telecommunications operator. In other words, the network neutrality itself was not wrong.

The FCC has made an amendment to the 2014 Open Internet Policy, and President Barack Obama says he should classify the ISP into the title 2, a telecommunications service provider in the jurisdiction of the FCC.

The new 'Open Internet Policy' will be announced in 2015. The FCC has set up the principle of 'No Throttling', which prevents traffic damage to blocking, and 'No Paid Prioritization', which prevents the act of providing services faster by giving priority to traffic. It is.

More powerful network neutral regulations have been established than in 2010. In particular, the principle of discrimination cannot prioritize certain traffic. You shouldn't get faster.

As such, network neutrality defines the Internet as a kind of public asset and infrastructure. However, the position against network neutrality is concerned that the cost of investing in the investment is not neglected and the neglect of network investment, construction, and management will be neglected.

And these network neutral principles are changed by the Trump administration.

b. Internet space, network, and access fee

The factor to know about the current situation is the Internet access model.

The Internet space expresses that all information can be freely moved, but in reality it is not. Several networks are connected to each other like a spider's web, and the information is delivered to the user through the exchange through the other network.

In other words, the Internet needs a physical network connection. There are a lot of investments and a network that contains the service of a huge content provider (CP in the future), but there is a small size, but there is a network that connects a larger network and a user. In the meantime, traffic goes to each other.

And it is a tier (tier) that distinguishes the size of this network.

Tier 1 Network is a network that is large enough to pay a separate fee for traffic exchange in both directions. There are tier 2 and Tier 3 below.

As Tier 1 does not have to pay a separate fee, Tier 2 and Tier 3 pay for the network traffic transmission process. If the ISP is connected to each other without any cost settlement, large ISPs are difficult to recover the investment cost, and small ISPs can benefit without investing.

However, unlike going up to the upper tier when passing through the upgrade in LOL, the tier of the network does not depend on the defined contents. The fee calculation also varies depending on the way you are Pairing or Transit, but there is no legally forced contract.

Pairing is a method of transmitting traffic only between parties who have contracted such as ISP and ISP, or ISP and CP, and does not settle the access fee. Basically, tier 1 networks are similar to each other.

Transit is a method in which small ISPs pay for large ISPs and pay traffic. Large ISP is a sort of one-way settlement that provides traffic to small ISPs.

In addition, there are fade peering, but the method is the same as the peering, but the size of different ISPs, or CP and ISP calculates and settles the access fee. Literally, it is a private peering that usually has a monopoly connection between the contractors without the obligation to connect to the third party.

The fact that the Pairing and Transit is implemented in a similar form does not all have a network of the same way. Even if it's a similar ISP, the connection varies depending on what content CP provides and what users cause more traffic.

These contracts are usually closed because of business contracts, making it difficult to understand the contents exactly. Depending on the situation, there are times when a different way of contract is made. However, in some cases, the same position or peering policy is possible without a written contract.

What should be remembered here is that small ISPs usually make a contract to cost a large ISP with a large ISP. In addition, the cost of settlement according to the capacity, not the amount of traffic, is expressed as a connection fee.

deployment

a. Last delay-high capacity era, traffic imbalance and safety

In terms of text and image-oriented networks, it was also possible through consultation or transit without a contract without a contract of mutual acid peering. Naturally, the principle of network neutrality described above was also well observed.

However, the situation has changed as large amounts of data and video traffic travel between network. Hundreds of KB images have risen vertically by several GB units. Today, high-capacity games can be downloaded more than 100 GB. It also enables data consumption anytime, anywhere with mobile activation.

This increase in traffic is calculated that ISPs with small network networks are more disadvantageous for Transit.

In the days of small capacity, it would have been beneficial to receive the contents service provided here, while paying the transit cost, that is, the cost of connecting to the top tier. The transit costs have increased significantly as the traffic used at once has increased.

In addition to the transit model, which is simply provided and receiving, the traffic growth has also been a problem in the peering model.

The ISP of the traffic exchange relationship, which is similar in size, is considered similar to each other's provision of content and content requests.